Women's Health & Wellness

It’s more than just feeding; it’s about nurturing, bonding, and offering comfort. Breast milk is packed with essential nutrients and antibodies that can’t be replicated in formula. These nutrients help boost your baby’s immune system and promote brain development. For mothers, breastfeeding has its own set of benefits, including quicker postpartum recovery and a lower risk of certain cancers.

Choosing to breastfeed is a personal decision. Every journey is different, but the benefits it provides to both mother and baby make it worth considering.

Stages of Breast Milk

Breast milk changes over time to meet your baby’s evolving needs. There are three primary stages: colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk.

Colostrum

Often called “liquid gold,” colostrum is the first milk produced after birth. It’s thick, yellow, and packed with antibodies and nutrients. Colostrum is high in protein and low in fat, making it easy for your baby to digest. It acts as a natural immune booster, protecting your newborn from infections during their early days.

Transitional Milk

A few days after birth, your milk starts to change. Transitional milk is lighter in color and has a higher content of lactose, fat, and calories than colostrum. This milk helps your baby gain weight and provides more energy as they begin to grow.

Mature Milk

By the second or third week, your milk becomes mature. Mature milk is thinner than colostrum but still full of nutrients. It contains a perfect balance of water, fats, carbohydrates, and proteins to support your baby’s development. It continues to evolve as your baby grows, ensuring they get the nourishment they need at every stage.

Proper Latching Techniques

A proper latch is the foundation of a successful breastfeeding experience. It helps ensure your baby gets enough milk and prevents discomfort for you. A poor latch can lead to sore nipples, frustration, and even affect your milk supply.

Importance of a Proper Latch

When your baby latches on correctly, they can efficiently remove milk,  which helps them grow and thrive. A good latch also helps prevent common issues like nipple pain or clogged ducts. The key is to make sure the baby has a deep latch, and is not just on the nipple.

Steps to Achieve a Good Latch

Start by positioning your baby so their tummy is against yours and their nose is at your nipple. Next, gently rub the nipple on the top of your infant’s lip until the mouth is wide open, guiding their mouth to your nipple, ensuring that their mouth covers not only the nipple but also a significant portion of the areola. This wider latch helps them get more milk with each suck and prevents discomfort for you.

Breastfeeding Duration and Frequency

Every baby has their own rhythm when it comes to breastfeeding. Understanding how long and how often to breastfeed can help ensure your baby is getting what they need while keeping you from feeling overwhelmed.

How Long to Breastfeed

Babies breastfeed for many reasons, and each feeding can vary in length. Sometimes they’re nursing for a quick drink, a snack, a full meal, or simply for comfort. Every feeding serves its own purpose and helps meet your baby’s unique needs.

A typical breastfeeding session can last anywhere from five to 30 minutes, depending on your baby’s needs and age. Some babies feed quickly, while others take their time. Generally, it’s a good idea to allow your baby to finish feeding on one breast before offering the other.

How Often to Breastfeed

Newborns usually need to eat frequently—about eight to 12 times a day. This might feel constant, but it’s important for your baby’s growth and for establishing your milk supply. As your baby grows, the frequency of feedings may decrease, but following your baby’s hunger cues will help you know when it’s time to nurse. Feeding on demand, rather than sticking to a strict schedule, often works best for both mom and baby.

Identifying Hunger Cues

Recognizing your baby’s hunger cues early can make breastfeeding smoother for both of you. Babies can’t tell you they’re hungry with words, but their behavior often gives it away.

Early Signs of Hunger

Babies typically start showing hunger cues before they begin to cry. Look for subtle signs like nuzzling, rooting (turning their head toward your chest or hand), sucking on their hands, or opening their mouth. These are gentle reminders that it might be time for a feeding.

Late Signs of Hunger

If these early signals are missed, crying is usually the next step. Crying is considered a late sign of hunger and can make it harder for your baby to latch effectively. That’s why noticing the early cues can help keep both you and your baby calm and make feeding a more peaceful experience.

Breastfeeding Positions

Finding a comfortable breastfeeding position is key to successful feeding sessions. Different positions can work better depending on your and your baby’s preferences, and it’s worth experimenting to find what feels best for both of you.

Cradle Hold

The cradle hold is one of the most common positions. In this position, you hold your baby with their head resting in the crook of your arm, their body facing you. This position works well for most mothers and babies once breastfeeding is established.

Crossover Hold

The crossover hold is similar to the cradle hold but offers more control over your baby’s head. Instead of using the arm on the same side as the breast, you use the opposite arm to support your baby’s head. This hold is helpful for babies who need a little extra help latching on.

Football Hold

With the football hold, you tuck your baby under your arm like a football, with their legs pointing behind you. This position is great for mothers who’ve had a C-section since it avoids placing pressure on your abdomen.

Side-lying Position

The side-lying position allows both you and your baby to lie down while breastfeeding. This can be particularly useful during nighttime feedings or if you’re recovering from delivery and find sitting uncomfortable.

Laid-back Position

In the laid-back position, also called biological nurturing, you recline slightly with your baby lying on your chest. Gravity helps keep your baby in place, and this position can feel more natural for both of you, especially in the early days of breastfeeding.

Ensuring Baby Gets Enough Milk

One of the most common concerns for new mothers is whether their baby is getting enough milk. Fortunately, there are signs you can look for to reassure you that your baby is well-fed.

Signs of Adequate Feeding

A content baby is often the best indicator of successful feeding. If your baby seems satisfied after breastfeeding, is gaining weight steadily, and produces six or more wet diapers and several dirty diapers each day, they are likely getting enough milk. Additionally, regular swallowing during feeds and an alert, active demeanor when awake are good signs.

Indicators of Insufficient Feeding

If your baby has trouble staying latched, seems constantly hungry, or isn’t producing enough wet or dirty diapers, these could be signs they’re not getting enough milk. It’s important to monitor weight gain and check in with your pediatrician or a lactation consultant if you’re concerned. Early intervention can help resolve feeding issues before they become bigger problems.

Building and Maintaining Milk Supply

Establishing a healthy milk supply takes time and consistency, but it’s very doable with the right approach. Understanding what helps your supply grow can make the breastfeeding journey smoother.

Tips for Establishing Milk Supply

Frequent breastfeeding is key in the early days. The more your baby nurses, the more milk your body will produce. Aim to feed every one to three hours, even during the night, to help build a strong supply. A proper latch is also essential. A good latch ensures your baby is effectively removing milk from the breast, signaling your body to produce more.

Expressing or Pumping Milk

Expressing or pumping milk can be a helpful tool, especially if you need to be away from your baby or want to build a freezer stash. Regular pumping, along with breastfeeding, can maintain or even increase your supply. Try to pump after feeding sessions when your baby hasn’t fully emptied your breasts. This extra stimulation can encourage your body to produce more milk.

Breastfeeding Tips and Common Challenges

Breastfeeding can be a beautiful experience, but it’s not without its hurdles. Having the right tips and support can help you navigate challenges more easily.

Before Delivery

Education is key. Taking a breastfeeding class before your baby arrives can set you up for success. Many hospitals offer classes that cover the basics and help you understand what to expect in those early days. You may also want to explore hospital policies, like rooming-in, where your baby stays in your room, which can make breastfeeding more convenient and frequent.

At the Hospital

Starting breastfeeding as soon as possible after birth can help establish a good supply. Nurses and lactation consultants are great resources for guiding you in those crucial first feedings. Don’t hesitate to ask for help, whether it’s with latching or positioning.

At Home

Once you’re home, creating a comfortable and relaxing environment can make breastfeeding more enjoyable. Stay hydrated and try to alternate breasts during feedings to ensure even milk production. If challenges arise, such as nipple pain or engorgement, consider reaching out to a lactation consultant or your healthcare provider for advice.

Getting Breastfeeding Help

Even with the best intentions and preparation, breastfeeding challenges can arise. Don’t hesitate to seek help when you need it. There are professionals and support systems designed to provide guidance and support during your breastfeeding journey.

UC Health offers both virtual and in-person breastfeeding classes to help you prepare for a successful breastfeeding experience.

Lactation Consultants

Lactation consultants are certified professionals who specialize in breastfeeding support. They can help with a variety of issues, such as:

• Latching difficulties
• Nipple pain or soreness
• Milk supply concerns
• Breastfeeding positions
• Baby’s weight gain issues
• Pumping and milk storage
• Returning to work while breastfeeding

Consider reaching out to a lactation consultant if you’re experiencing any difficulties or simply want some reassurance. Many hospitals have lactation consultants on staff, and you can also find private consultants in your community. UC Health has dedicated lactation consultants that can be reached at 513-688-5401.

Support Groups

Breastfeeding support groups, UC Health's Baby Cafe, and non-affilated groups like La Leche League, offer a safe space to connect with other mothers. These groups provide:

• Peer-to-peer support and encouragement
• Shared experiences and advice
• Information on breastfeeding topics
• Opportunities to ask questions and get answers

Joining a support group can help you feel less isolated and more confident in your breastfeeding journey. It’s a great way to connect with other moms who understand the joys and challenges of breastfeeding.

Special Considerations

While breastfeeding is a natural process, there are some situations where additional care and support may be needed.

Breastfeeding Premature Babies

Premature babies may face unique challenges with breastfeeding due to their smaller size and underdeveloped sucking reflex. However, breast milk is especially crucial for their growth and development. Techniques like kangaroo care (skin-to-skin contact) and expressing milk can be helpful. Hospitals with specialized neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are equipped to support mothers and premature babies with breastfeeding.

UC Health is fully equipped to manage any level of risk in a pregnancy, supported by the resources available within the University of Cincinnati Medical Center Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

Addressing Common Issues

Breastfeeding can come with its share of common challenges. Some of these include:

• Sore Nipples: Proper latching is key to preventing sore nipples. If you're experiencing pain, consult a lactation consultant to ensure your baby is latching correctly. Applying lanolin cream or breast milk to your nipples can also provide relief.
• Engorgement: Engorgement occurs when your breasts become overly full and swollen. Frequent breastfeeding or pumping can help relieve engorgement. Applying cold compresses afterward can provide comfort.
• Blocked Milk Ducts: Blocked milk ducts can cause a painful lump in your breast. Gently massaging the area, applying warm compresses, and frequent breastfeeding or pumping can help dislodge the blockage. If the blockage persists, seek medical advice.

Remember, you're not alone in facing these challenges. Reach out to your healthcare provider or a lactation consultant for guidance and support. With the right information and care, you can overcome these hurdles and continue your breastfeeding journey successfully.

Breastfeeding and Maternal Health

Breastfeeding isn't just beneficial for your baby—it also has positive effects on your own health and well-being.

Physical and Emotional Well-Being

Breastfeeding can contribute to:

• Quicker postpartum recovery: The hormones released during breastfeeding help your uterus contract back to its pre-pregnancy size faster.
• Reduced risk of certain cancers: Studies suggest breastfeeding may lower your risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
• Lower risk of postpartum depression: While the exact link is still being studied, breastfeeding may help regulate hormones and reduce the risk of postpartum depression.

Nutritional Needs

Breastfeeding requires additional calories and nutrients. Here are some tips to ensure you're getting what you need:

• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day.
• Eat a balanced diet: Focus on whole foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein.
• Don't skip meals: Aim for three balanced meals and healthy snacks throughout the day to keep your energy levels up.
• Consider a prenatal vitamin: Continuing your prenatal vitamin can help ensure you're getting adequate nutrients.

Remember, taking care of yourself is essential for taking care of your baby. Prioritize your own health and well-being, and don't hesitate to reach out for support if you need it.

Weaning Process

Weaning is the process of gradually transitioning your baby from breast milk to other sources of nutrition. There's no one-size-fits-all approach, and the right time to wean will depend on you and your baby's readiness.

When and How to Wean

The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months and continued breastfeeding alongside complementary foods for up to two years or beyond. However, the decision to wean is personal, and you may choose to wean earlier or later based on your circumstances.   

Gradual Weaning Tips

Weaning gradually is often the easiest approach for both mother and baby. Here are some tips:

• Start by dropping one feeding at a time. Replace the breast milk with formula if your baby is under the age of one. Cow’s milk can be offered after the baby turns one.
• Offer solid foods before breastfeeding to decrease your baby's appetite for breast milk.
• Shorten the duration of breastfeeding sessions gradually.
• Be patient and flexible. The process may take weeks or even months.

Remember, weaning is a journey, not a destination. Listen to your baby's cues and adjust your approach as needed. If you have any concerns, don't hesitate to reach out to your pediatrician or a lactation consultant for guidance.

Why Choose UC Health for Breastfeeding Support

At UC Health, we're committed to providing comprehensive breastfeeding support to help you and your baby thrive. Our team of experts is dedicated to empowering you with the knowledge and resources you need to achieve your breastfeeding goals.

Expertise and Support

Our lactation consultants are certified professionals with extensive experience in breastfeeding support. They offer:

• Individualized consultations: Tailored guidance to address your specific needs and concerns.
• Prenatal breastfeeding classes: Education and preparation before your baby arrives.
• Postpartum support: Ongoing assistance with latching, positioning, milk supply, and more.
• Specialized care: Support for premature babies, multiples, and other special circumstances.

Connect with a UC Health lactation consultant by calling 513-688-5401.

We also offer a variety of childbirth education (CBE) classes, including our Breastfeeding Basics class, to help you prepare for your breastfeeding journey.